There are potent defenses against the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation. Their efficacy is much higher for low doses and dose rates; this is incompatible with the LNT model but is consistent with current models of carcinogenesis. The data suggest that a combination of error-free DNA repair and elimination of preneoplastic cells furnishes practical thresholds.
http://radiology.rsna.org/content/251/1/13.full
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